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File Permissions
Our servers run Linux/UNIX. All files on UNIX (including Linux
and other UNIX variants) machines have access permissions. These tell the operating
system how to deal with requests to access these files. There are three types
of access:
- Read - Denoted as r, files with read access can
be displayed to the user.
- Write - Denoted as w, files with write access
can be modified by the user.
- Execute - Denoted as x, files with execute access
can be executed as programs by the user.
Access types are set for three types of user group:
- User - the owner of the file.
- Group - other files which are in the same folder or
group.
- World - everyone else.
The web server needs to be able to read your web pages in order
to be able to display them in a browser. The following permissions need to be
set in order for your web site to function properly.
- All HTML files and images need to be readable by others. The
setting for this is 644 (readable by User, Group, and World, and writable
by User), and is set automatically when you upload files.
- All folders need to be executable by others. The setting for
this is 755 (readable by User, Group, and World, writable by User, executable
by User, Group, and World), and is set automatically when you create a folder.
- All CGI files (all files in the cgi-bin folder) need to be
executable by others. The setting for this is usually 755 (readable by User,
Group, and World, writable by User, executable by User, Group, and World),
and is not set automatically when you upload files. You need to change file
permissions manually. You may run into CGI files which need different permissions
settings, or certain related data files (.txt, .dat, etc) which need to have
different permissions settings. Check your script documentation to find correct
file permissions for whatever script you are setting up.
Warning: It is important that none of
your files or folders are writable by anyone else. Any file or folder which
is writable by others can be erased by them. Generally there is no problem,
just be careful in how you set your permissions.
To change file or folder permissions using File
Manager:
- In File Manager (see below path) navigate to the file or folder
that you need to change.
- Click on the name of the file or folder.
- Click on the Change Permissions link in the top-right corner
of the window.
- Click on as many tick boxes as you require to create the right
permission. The permission numbers underneath the tick boxes will update automatically.
Alternatively, type the number setting in the bottom row of boxes.
Click on the button when you have finished setting the permission.
The new permission level has now been saved and the display updated to show
the modified file.
To change file or folder permissions using FTP:
If you are using an FTP client such as WS_FTP,
you can simply locate the file or folder you need to change permissions on (Remote
or Server side), and change the permissions via FTP. In WS_FTP, right-click
on the file or folder on the server, select "CHMOD", and type in your
numbers (755, 775, 751, 644, etc) or tick the individual settings boxes. Hit
"Refresh" on Remote side to make sure the permissions "stick".
In your 1-2-Wonder
Hosting cPanel:
Just click on File Manager. This will open up a new window. In the File Manager
Window, click the NAME (not icon) of the folder or file you want to change permissions
on. Look in the upper right part of the screen and select Change Permissions.
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